As digital technologies continue to transform every dimension of modern life, they are also reshaping the nature of crime, security, and justice at an unprecedented pace. Artificial intelligence, algorithmic systems, online platforms, and emerging technologies are creating new opportunities for development and innovation, while simultaneously generating increasingly complex risks that transcend borders, institutions, and traditional governance frameworks.

How can governments respond effectively to minerals crime when criminal networks operate across borders, supply chains, and financial systems?

Across several regions of Africa, the relationship between terrorism and illicit economies interacts with broader patterns of insecurity. In environments marked by fragile institutions, porous borders and expansive informal markets, violent extremist groups and criminal actors operate within overlapping spaces where the boundaries between legality and illegality are often blurred. These conditions create environments in which illicit economic systems can be exploited by violent extremist groups.

The OPCW strengthened its capacity to address CBRN forensic challenges through a targeted training activity, enhancing evidentiary standards and investigative preparedness under the European Union CBRN Centres of Excellence Initiative.

Addressing  evolving CBRN forensic challenges