Advances in digital technologies have improved communication and the sharing of information have become an important component of security and peacebuilding efforts. At the same time, they have enabled new forms of gender-based violence and disinformation that disproportionately affect women in public and professional roles. 

Despite the growing international attention to digital violence, defamation, and disinformation campaigns that contribute to reducing women's civic and operational space, online violence specifically targeting women working in peace operations, peacebuilding, and security forces in conflict and post-conflict contexts remains underexplored.

The Digital Frontline: Emerging Evidence on Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in Fragile and Conflict Settings examines how digital technologies are reshaping patterns of gender-based violence against women working across the peace and security sectors in contexts affected by conflict and instability. Drawing on a global desk review, expert interviews, and case studies from Ukraine and Sudan, the report highlights how online abuse — ranging from harassment and disinformation to surveillance and image-based violence — is increasingly used to target women engaged in peacebuilding, security, journalism, and public life. 

The research shows that digital abuse has profound implications for women working across peace and security sectors. It not only causes direct harm to individuals, but also undermines women’s participation, leadership, and visibility in peace and security processes. In fragile and conflict-affected settings, weak institutions, political polarization, and insecurity create conditions in which digital tools are strategically used to intimidate, monitor, discredit, and silence women. 

Findings demonstrate a strong continuum between online and offline harm. Acts of online violence frequently translate into real-world consequences, including threats, surveillance, reputational attacks, and even physical risks.  In these contexts, digital spaces become an extension of conflict dynamics, where violence is amplified and weaponized to shape narratives, restrict participation and influence broader conflict dynamics. 

By framing technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) not only as a gender equality issue, but also as a critical peace and security concern, the report underscores its implications for governance, social cohesion, and the Women, Peace and Security agenda. It concludes with actionable recommendations for governments, international organizations, civil society, and technology platforms to better prevent, address, and respond to digital violence in conflict settings. 

Overall, the report positions the digital sphere as a critical frontline in modern conflicts—where women’s safety, participation, and rights are increasingly contested, and where effective responses are essential for building inclusive and sustainable peace.